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# -*- test-case-name: twisted.protocols.test.test_tls,twisted.internet.test.test_tls,twisted.test.test_sslverify -*-
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
Implementation of a TLS transport (L{ISSLTransport}) as an
L{IProtocol<twisted.internet.interfaces.IProtocol>} layered on top of any
L{ITransport<twisted.internet.interfaces.ITransport>} implementation, based on
U{OpenSSL<http://www.openssl.org>}'s memory BIO features.
L{TLSMemoryBIOFactory} is a L{WrappingFactory} which wraps protocols created by
the factory it wraps with L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol}. L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol}
intercedes between the underlying transport and the wrapped protocol to
implement SSL and TLS. Typical usage of this module looks like this::
from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory
from twisted.internet.protocol import ServerFactory
from twisted.internet.ssl import PrivateCertificate
from twisted.internet import reactor
from someapplication import ApplicationProtocol
serverFactory = ServerFactory()
serverFactory.protocol = ApplicationProtocol
certificate = PrivateCertificate.loadPEM(certPEMData)
contextFactory = certificate.options()
tlsFactory = TLSMemoryBIOFactory(contextFactory, False, serverFactory)
reactor.listenTCP(12345, tlsFactory)
reactor.run()
This API offers somewhat more flexibility than
L{twisted.internet.interfaces.IReactorSSL}; for example, a L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol}
instance can use another instance of L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} as its transport,
yielding TLS over TLS - useful to implement onion routing. It can also be used
to run TLS over unusual transports, such as UNIX sockets and stdio.
"""
from OpenSSL.SSL import Error, ZeroReturnError, WantReadError
from OpenSSL.SSL import TLSv1_METHOD, Context, Connection
try:
Connection(Context(TLSv1_METHOD), None)
except TypeError, e:
if str(e) != "argument must be an int, or have a fileno() method.":
raise
raise ImportError("twisted.protocols.tls requires pyOpenSSL 0.10 or newer.")
from zope.interface import implements
from twisted.python.failure import Failure
from twisted.python import log
from twisted.python.reflect import safe_str
from twisted.internet.interfaces import ISystemHandle, ISSLTransport
from twisted.internet.interfaces import IPushProducer, ILoggingContext
from twisted.internet.main import CONNECTION_LOST
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol
from twisted.internet.task import cooperate
from twisted.protocols.policies import ProtocolWrapper, WrappingFactory
class _PullToPush(object):
"""
An adapter that converts a non-streaming to a streaming producer.
Because of limitations of the producer API, this adapter requires the
cooperation of the consumer. When the consumer's C{registerProducer} is
called with a non-streaming producer, it must wrap it with L{_PullToPush}
and then call C{startStreaming} on the resulting object. When the
consumer's C{unregisterProducer} is called, it must call
C{stopStreaming} on the L{_PullToPush} instance.
If the underlying producer throws an exception from C{resumeProducing},
the producer will be unregistered from the consumer.
@ivar _producer: the underling non-streaming producer.
@ivar _consumer: the consumer with which the underlying producer was
registered.
@ivar _finished: C{bool} indicating whether the producer has finished.
@ivar _coopTask: the result of calling L{cooperate}, the task driving the
streaming producer.
"""
implements(IPushProducer)
_finished = False
def __init__(self, pullProducer, consumer):
self._producer = pullProducer
self._consumer = consumer
def _pull(self):
"""
A generator that calls C{resumeProducing} on the underlying producer
forever.
If C{resumeProducing} throws an exception, the producer is
unregistered, which should result in streaming stopping.
"""
while True:
try:
self._producer.resumeProducing()
except:
log.err(None, "%s failed, producing will be stopped:" %
(safe_str(self._producer),))
try:
self._consumer.unregisterProducer()
# The consumer should now call stopStreaming() on us,
# thus stopping the streaming.
except:
# Since the consumer blew up, we may not have had
# stopStreaming() called, so we just stop on our own:
log.err(None, "%s failed to unregister producer:" %
(safe_str(self._consumer),))
self._finished = True
return
yield None
def startStreaming(self):
"""
This should be called by the consumer when the producer is registered.
Start streaming data to the consumer.
"""
self._coopTask = cooperate(self._pull())
def stopStreaming(self):
"""
This should be called by the consumer when the producer is unregistered.
Stop streaming data to the consumer.
"""
if self._finished:
return
self._finished = True
self._coopTask.stop()
# IPushProducer implementation:
def pauseProducing(self):
self._coopTask.pause()
def resumeProducing(self):
self._coopTask.resume()
def stopProducing(self):
self.stopStreaming()
self._producer.stopProducing()
class _ProducerMembrane(object):
"""
Stand-in for producer registered with a L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} transport.
Ensures that producer pause/resume events from the undelying transport are
coordinated with pause/resume events from the TLS layer.
@ivar _producer: The application-layer producer.
"""
implements(IPushProducer)
_producerPaused = False
def __init__(self, producer):
self._producer = producer
def pauseProducing(self):
"""
C{pauseProducing} the underlying producer, if it's not paused.
"""
if self._producerPaused:
return
self._producerPaused = True
self._producer.pauseProducing()
def resumeProducing(self):
"""
C{resumeProducing} the underlying producer, if it's paused.
"""
if not self._producerPaused:
return
self._producerPaused = False
self._producer.resumeProducing()
def stopProducing(self):
"""
C{stopProducing} the underlying producer.
There is only a single source for this event, so it's simply passed
on.
"""
self._producer.stopProducing()
class TLSMemoryBIOProtocol(ProtocolWrapper):
"""
L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} is a protocol wrapper which uses OpenSSL via a
memory BIO to encrypt bytes written to it before sending them on to the
underlying transport and decrypts bytes received from the underlying
transport before delivering them to the wrapped protocol.
In addition to producer events from the underlying transport, the need to
wait for reads before a write can proceed means the
L{TLSMemoryBIOProtocol} may also want to pause a producer. Pause/resume
events are therefore merged using the L{_ProducerMembrane}
wrapper. Non-streaming (pull) producers are supported by wrapping them
with L{_PullToPush}.
@ivar _tlsConnection: The L{OpenSSL.SSL.Connection} instance which is
encrypted and decrypting this connection.
@ivar _lostTLSConnection: A flag indicating whether connection loss has
already been dealt with (C{True}) or not (C{False}). TLS disconnection
is distinct from the underlying connection being lost.
@ivar _writeBlockedOnRead: A flag indicating whether further writing must
wait for data to be received (C{True}) or not (C{False}).
@ivar _appSendBuffer: A C{list} of C{str} of application-level (cleartext)
data which is waiting for C{_writeBlockedOnRead} to be reset to
C{False} so it can be passed to and perhaps accepted by
C{_tlsConnection.send}.
@ivar _connectWrapped: A flag indicating whether or not to call
C{makeConnection} on the wrapped protocol. This is for the reactor's
L{twisted.internet.interfaces.ITLSTransport.startTLS} implementation,
since it has a protocol which it has already called C{makeConnection}
on, and which has no interest in a new transport. See #3821.
@ivar _handshakeDone: A flag indicating whether or not the handshake is
known to have completed successfully (C{True}) or not (C{False}). This
is used to control error reporting behavior. If the handshake has not
completed, the underlying L{OpenSSL.SSL.Error} will be passed to the
application's C{connectionLost} method. If it has completed, any
unexpected L{OpenSSL.SSL.Error} will be turned into a
L{ConnectionLost}. This is weird; however, it is simply an attempt at
a faithful re-implementation of the behavior provided by
L{twisted.internet.ssl}.
@ivar _reason: If an unexpected L{OpenSSL.SSL.Error} occurs which causes
the connection to be lost, it is saved here. If appropriate, this may
be used as the reason passed to the application protocol's
C{connectionLost} method.
@ivar _producer: The current producer registered via C{registerProducer},
or C{None} if no producer has been registered or a previous one was
unregistered.
"""
implements(ISystemHandle, ISSLTransport)
_reason = None
_handshakeDone = False
_lostTLSConnection = False
_writeBlockedOnRead = False
_producer = None
def __init__(self, factory, wrappedProtocol, _connectWrapped=True):
ProtocolWrapper.__init__(self, factory, wrappedProtocol)
self._connectWrapped = _connectWrapped
def getHandle(self):
"""
Return the L{OpenSSL.SSL.Connection} object being used to encrypt and
decrypt this connection.
This is done for the benefit of L{twisted.internet.ssl.Certificate}'s
C{peerFromTransport} and C{hostFromTransport} methods only. A
different system handle may be returned by future versions of this
method.
"""
return self._tlsConnection
def makeConnection(self, transport):
"""
Connect this wrapper to the given transport and initialize the
necessary L{OpenSSL.SSL.Connection} with a memory BIO.
"""
tlsContext = self.factory._contextFactory.getContext()
self._tlsConnection = Connection(tlsContext, None)
if self.factory._isClient:
self._tlsConnection.set_connect_state()
else:
self._tlsConnection.set_accept_state()
self._appSendBuffer = []
# Intentionally skip ProtocolWrapper.makeConnection - it might call
# wrappedProtocol.makeConnection, which we want to make conditional.
Protocol.makeConnection(self, transport)
self.factory.registerProtocol(self)
if self._connectWrapped:
# Now that the TLS layer is initialized, notify the application of
# the connection.
ProtocolWrapper.makeConnection(self, transport)
# Now that we ourselves have a transport (initialized by the
# ProtocolWrapper.makeConnection call above), kick off the TLS
# handshake.
try:
self._tlsConnection.do_handshake()
except WantReadError:
# This is the expected case - there's no data in the connection's
# input buffer yet, so it won't be able to complete the whole
# handshake now. If this is the speak-first side of the
# connection, then some bytes will be in the send buffer now; flush
# them.
self._flushSendBIO()
def _flushSendBIO(self):
"""
Read any bytes out of the send BIO and write them to the underlying
transport.
"""
try:
bytes = self._tlsConnection.bio_read(2 ** 15)
except WantReadError:
# There may be nothing in the send BIO right now.
pass
else:
self.transport.write(bytes)
def _flushReceiveBIO(self):
"""
Try to receive any application-level bytes which are now available
because of a previous write into the receive BIO. This will take
care of delivering any application-level bytes which are received to
the protocol, as well as handling of the various exceptions which
can come from trying to get such bytes.
"""
# Keep trying this until an error indicates we should stop or we
# close the connection. Looping is necessary to make sure we
# process all of the data which was put into the receive BIO, as
# there is no guarantee that a single recv call will do it all.
while not self._lostTLSConnection:
try:
bytes = self._tlsConnection.recv(2 ** 15)
except WantReadError:
# The newly received bytes might not have been enough to produce
# any application data.
break
except ZeroReturnError:
# TLS has shut down and no more TLS data will be received over
# this connection.
self._shutdownTLS()
# Passing in None means the user protocol's connnectionLost
# will get called with reason from underlying transport:
self._tlsShutdownFinished(None)
except Error, e:
# Something went pretty wrong. For example, this might be a
# handshake failure (because there were no shared ciphers, because
# a certificate failed to verify, etc). TLS can no longer proceed.
# Squash EOF in violation of protocol into ConnectionLost; we
# create Failure before calling _flushSendBio so that no new
# exception will get thrown in the interim.
if e.args[0] == -1 and e.args[1] == 'Unexpected EOF':
failure = Failure(CONNECTION_LOST)
else:
failure = Failure()
self._flushSendBIO()
self._tlsShutdownFinished(failure)
else:
# If we got application bytes, the handshake must be done by
# now. Keep track of this to control error reporting later.
self._handshakeDone = True
ProtocolWrapper.dataReceived(self, bytes)
# The received bytes might have generated a response which needs to be
# sent now. For example, the handshake involves several round-trip
# exchanges without ever producing application-bytes.
self._flushSendBIO()
def dataReceived(self, bytes):
"""
Deliver any received bytes to the receive BIO and then read and deliver
to the application any application-level data which becomes available
as a result of this.
"""
self._tlsConnection.bio_write(bytes)
if self._writeBlockedOnRead:
# A read just happened, so we might not be blocked anymore. Try to
# flush all the pending application bytes.
self._writeBlockedOnRead = False
appSendBuffer = self._appSendBuffer
self._appSendBuffer = []
for bytes in appSendBuffer:
self._write(bytes)
if (not self._writeBlockedOnRead and self.disconnecting and
self.producer is None):
self._shutdownTLS()
if self._producer is not None:
self._producer.resumeProducing()
self._flushReceiveBIO()
def _shutdownTLS(self):
"""
Initiate, or reply to, the shutdown handshake of the TLS layer.
"""
shutdownSuccess = self._tlsConnection.shutdown()
self._flushSendBIO()
if shutdownSuccess:
# Both sides have shutdown, so we can start closing lower-level
# transport. This will also happen if we haven't started
# negotiation at all yet, in which case shutdown succeeds
# immediately.
self.transport.loseConnection()
def _tlsShutdownFinished(self, reason):
"""
Called when TLS connection has gone away; tell underlying transport to
disconnect.
"""
self._reason = reason
self._lostTLSConnection = True
# Using loseConnection causes the application protocol's
# connectionLost method to be invoked non-reentrantly, which is always
# a nice feature. However, for error cases (reason != None) we might
# want to use abortConnection when it becomes available. The
# loseConnection call is basically tested by test_handshakeFailure.
# At least one side will need to do it or the test never finishes.
self.transport.loseConnection()
def connectionLost(self, reason):
"""
Handle the possible repetition of calls to this method (due to either
the underlying transport going away or due to an error at the TLS
layer) and make sure the base implementation only gets invoked once.
"""
if not self._lostTLSConnection:
# Tell the TLS connection that it's not going to get any more data
# and give it a chance to finish reading.
self._tlsConnection.bio_shutdown()
self._flushReceiveBIO()
self._lostTLSConnection = True
reason = self._reason or reason
self._reason = None
ProtocolWrapper.connectionLost(self, reason)
def loseConnection(self):
"""
Send a TLS close alert and close the underlying connection.
"""
if self.disconnecting:
return
self.disconnecting = True
if not self._writeBlockedOnRead and self._producer is None:
self._shutdownTLS()
def write(self, bytes):
"""
Process the given application bytes and send any resulting TLS traffic
which arrives in the send BIO.
If C{loseConnection} was called, subsequent calls to C{write} will
drop the bytes on the floor.
"""
# Writes after loseConnection are not supported, unless a producer has
# been registered, in which case writes can happen until the producer
# is unregistered:
if self.disconnecting and self._producer is None:
return
self._write(bytes)
def _write(self, bytes):
"""
Process the given application bytes and send any resulting TLS traffic
which arrives in the send BIO.
This may be called by C{dataReceived} with bytes that were buffered
before C{loseConnection} was called, which is why this function
doesn't check for disconnection but accepts the bytes regardless.
"""
if self._lostTLSConnection:
return
leftToSend = bytes
while leftToSend:
try:
sent = self._tlsConnection.send(leftToSend)
except WantReadError:
self._writeBlockedOnRead = True
self._appSendBuffer.append(leftToSend)
if self._producer is not None:
self._producer.pauseProducing()
break
except Error:
# Pretend TLS connection disconnected, which will trigger
# disconnect of underlying transport. The error will be passed
# to the application protocol's connectionLost method. The
# other SSL implementation doesn't, but losing helpful
# debugging information is a bad idea.
self._tlsShutdownFinished(Failure())
break
else:
# If we sent some bytes, the handshake must be done. Keep
# track of this to control error reporting behavior.
self._handshakeDone = True
self._flushSendBIO()
leftToSend = leftToSend[sent:]
def writeSequence(self, iovec):
"""
Write a sequence of application bytes by joining them into one string
and passing them to L{write}.
"""
self.write("".join(iovec))
def getPeerCertificate(self):
return self._tlsConnection.get_peer_certificate()
def registerProducer(self, producer, streaming):
# If we received a non-streaming producer, wrap it so it becomes a
# streaming producer:
if not streaming:
producer = streamingProducer = _PullToPush(producer, self)
producer = _ProducerMembrane(producer)
# This will raise an exception if a producer is already registered:
self.transport.registerProducer(producer, True)
self._producer = producer
# If we received a non-streaming producer, we need to start the
# streaming wrapper:
if not streaming:
streamingProducer.startStreaming()
def unregisterProducer(self):
# If we received a non-streaming producer, we need to stop the
# streaming wrapper:
if isinstance(self._producer._producer, _PullToPush):
self._producer._producer.stopStreaming()
self._producer = None
self._producerPaused = False
self.transport.unregisterProducer()
if self.disconnecting and not self._writeBlockedOnRead:
self._shutdownTLS()
class TLSMemoryBIOFactory(WrappingFactory):
"""
L{TLSMemoryBIOFactory} adds TLS to connections.
@ivar _contextFactory: The TLS context factory which will be used to define
certain TLS connection parameters.
@ivar _isClient: A flag which is C{True} if this is a client TLS
connection, C{False} if it is a server TLS connection.
"""
protocol = TLSMemoryBIOProtocol
noisy = False # disable unnecessary logging.
def __init__(self, contextFactory, isClient, wrappedFactory):
WrappingFactory.__init__(self, wrappedFactory)
self._contextFactory = contextFactory
self._isClient = isClient
def logPrefix(self):
"""
Annotate the wrapped factory's log prefix with some text indicating TLS
is in use.
@rtype: C{str}
"""
if ILoggingContext.providedBy(self.wrappedFactory):
logPrefix = self.wrappedFactory.logPrefix()
else:
logPrefix = self.wrappedFactory.__class__.__name__
return "%s (TLS)" % (logPrefix,)